Engineering a novel carbaryl-degrading esterase from Bacillus velezensis for enhanced degradability via semi-rational design and whole-cell biocatalysis. 
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Engineered Bacillus velezensis Enzyme Breaks Down Toxic Pesticide Carbaryl

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Bacillus velezensis-Derived Enzyme Revolutionizes Carbaryl Biodegradation

A team of Chinese researchers has engineered a groundbreaking enzyme capable of breaking down carbaryl, a highly toxic and persistent carbamate pesticide widely used in agriculture. Published in the World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (2025), the study introduces Est03320, a novel esterase identified from Bacillus velezensis MB01B.

Through semi-rational design and site-directed mutagenesis, scientists enhanced the enzyme’s performance, creating a mutant variant named Est03320-L230G. This improved version demonstrated:

  • 68.7% higher enzymatic activity,
  • Extended stability (half-life increased from 13.6 h to 40.6 h), and
  • 96.5% carbaryl degradation efficiency.

To maximize practical application, the researchers immobilized the enzyme on the surface of engineered Pseudomonas cells using an autotransporter system (EhaA). This whole-cell biocatalyst successfully mineralized carbaryl into harmless compounds and maintained over 83% activity after five reuse cycles, showcasing excellent durability.

This dual approach — combining enzyme engineering with whole-cell biocatalysis — marks a significant advancement in microbial pesticide detoxification. The results highlight a sustainable, cost-effective method for mitigating pesticide pollution and safeguarding environmental and human health.

Reference

Li, J., Huang, G., Zeng, J. et al. Engineering a novel carbaryl-degrading esterase from Bacillus velezensis for enhanced degradability via semi-rational design and whole-cell biocatalysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 41, 409 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-025-04636-9

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