Researchers from the Federal University of Goiás have discovered that Waitea circinata, a fungus associated with orchids from the Brazilian Cerrado, can effectively suppress root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica)—a major pest responsible for severe crop losses worldwide.
In controlled experiments, the fungus parasitized nematode eggs with rates up to 15%, degrading their shells and halting embryo development. Its mycelial suspension (MSF) also increased nematode juvenile mortality in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that the fungus releases potent nematicidal compounds.
Greenhouse trials confirmed the fungus’s dual benefit: nematode populations were drastically reduced, with the reproduction factor falling from 5.9 in untreated plants to just 0.39 in treated ones. Simultaneously, treated tomato plants showed marked growth improvements, including longer roots, greater biomass, and taller shoots—all without signs of phytotoxicity.
Statistical and principal component analyses revealed a strong inverse correlation between nematode infestation and plant health, confirming that W. circinata not only suppresses pests but also enhances plant vigor. Researchers attribute these effects to a combination of mechanisms—direct egg parasitism, enzyme secretion, antibiosis, and possible production of growth-promoting phytohormones such as IAA.
This marks the first report of an orchid mycorrhizal fungus with nematicidal activity, positioning W. circinata as a promising natural biocontrol agent for sustainable tomato and horticultural crop production.
The study underscores the potential of microorganisms from underexplored ecosystems like the Cerrado to support eco-friendly pest management strategies—offering a viable path toward reducing reliance on synthetic nematicides in agriculture.
Reference
Mendes, B. L., Faria, D. R., Sousa, K. C. I., Costa, M. P. L., da Rocha, M. R., & de Araújo, L. G. (2025). Orchid mycorrhizal fungus from the Brazilian Cerrado exhibits biocontrol activity against Meloidogyne javanica. Mycorrhiza, 35(6), 60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-025-01233-4
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