Banana Peel Nanofertilizer Boosts Tomato Growth and Yield: A Sustainable Breakthrough in Agricultural Nanotechnology

Researchers from The Apollo University and Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University have developed an innovative nanofertilizer derived from Musa acuminata (banana) peel extract that significantly improves germination efficiency and crop yield in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum).

The study synthesized the nanofertilizer through an ultrasonication process and optimized it using factorial design analysis. The most effective formulation, labeled F3, featured nanoparticles with an average size of 39.6 nm. This nano-scale size enhanced soil permeability and nutrient delivery, resulting in 89.6% germination efficiency, far outperforming conventional fertilizers.

The nutrient-rich formulation—packed with potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and iron, along with tryptophan—stimulated robust plant growth and fruiting. Tomato plants treated with this nanofertilizer flowered earlier (7–10 days) and produced nearly double the fruit count compared to those using regular fertilizers.

Microscopic analyses confirmed uniform, spherical nanoparticles with high zeta stability (−31.8 mV), ensuring long-term nutrient release and consistent plant nourishment. The nanofertilizer also demonstrated eco-friendly attributes, maintaining stable soil pH and reducing nutrient leaching.

The research concludes that banana peel-based nanofertilizers can replace synthetic fertilizers, providing a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally safe solution for enhancing agricultural productivity.

Reference

Reddy, K.B., Johnson, A.P., Sucharitha, P. et al. Synthesis of Musa acuminata nanofertilizer and its impact on germination efficiency and yield of Solanum lycopersicum. Vegetos (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-025-01531-4